Worksheet: Molecular Orbital Theory:
- A molecular orbital is a Schrodinger's orbital which can include several but usually only ___ nuclei.
- An orbital is the region where there is a ___% probability of locating an electron in a free atom.
- There are mainly 4 types of orbitals, s, p, d and f and each orbital can hold a maximum of __ electrons.
- State the 3 main rules in this theory
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
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- A bonding order is basically the number of________ formed
- The bonding order tells us the ________ of the molecule and whether it is ___________ or ___________.
- ___________ basically means that all of the electrons that are being shared forms a pair and is basically ________.
- ___________ means that one or more electrons is/are unpaired and the molecule is ___________.
- bonding order of molecules is calculated by the formula:
________________________________________________________________
· Draw the molecular orbital diagram of H2:
The bond order is ____.
· Draw the molecular orbital diagram of O2
The bond order is _______.
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- Where the atomic orbitals overlap, the in-phase interaction leads to an __________ in the intensity of the negative charge in the region where they overlap.
- This creates an __________ in negative charge between the nuclei and an __________ in the attraction between the electron and the nuclei for the atoms.
- The greater attraction leads to __________ potential energy and because electrons in the molecular orbital are of __________ potential energy than in separate atomic orbitals, energy would be required to shift the electrons back into the 1s orbital of separate atoms.
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- Where the atomic orbitals overlap, the out-phase interaction leads to a __________ in the intensity of the negative charge.
- This creates a __________ in negative charge between the nuclei and a __________ in the attraction between the electron charge and the nuclei for the atoms in the bond.
- The lesser attraction leads to __________ potential energy and the electrons are more stable in the 1s atomic orbital of separate atoms, so electrons in this type of molecular orbital destabilizes the bond between atoms.
MCQ:
- Q1:Which of the following states what paramagnetic is?
1) All of the electrons that are being shared forms a pair and the MO is stable.
2) All of the electrons that are being shared forms a pair and the MO is unstable.
3) One or more electrons that are being shared does not form a pair and the MO is stable
3) One or more of the electrons that are being shared does not form a pair and the MO is unstable
- Q2) Which of the following is false about the in-phase reaction?
1) It leads to an increase in intensity of the negative charge in the region where the AOs overlap.
2) It leads to an increase in intensity of the positive charge in the region where the AOs overlap.
3) It leads to an decrease in the potential energy between the nuclei and the electrons.
4) Due to the decrease in potential energy, the the atoms are more stable in the MO.
- Q3) What does a superposition of state refer to?
1) It refers to the object becoming anti-matter
2) It refers to an object becoming all the possible states that it has
3) It refers to the object becoming plasma
4) It refers to objects which have very very high melting points
- Q4) When does an object stop becoming a superposition of states?
1) When an observation is being made
2) When a chemical reacts with the object
3) When it is subjected to extreme temperatures
4) When the object is being separated at the atomic level
- Q5) What state is the Schrodinger's Cat in when no observation has been made yet and why is it so?
1) The cat is 50% alive and 50% dead because there is a 50% chance of the substance decomposing and not
2) The cat is dead because the substance will decompose
3) The cat is both dead and alive because the there is a 50% chance of the substance decomposing and not
4) The cat is alive because the substance will not decompose
